Armin Mahmoud Salehi Khesht, Vahid Karpisheh, Balsam Qubais Saeed, Angelina Olegovna Zekiy, Lis M. Yapanto, Mohsen Nabi Afjadi, Mohsen Aksoun, Maryam Nasr Esfahani, Fatemeh Aghakhani, Mahsa Movahed, Navneet Joshi, Kazem Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi, Shahin Hallaj, Majid Ahmadi, Sanam Dolati, Ata Mahmoodpoor, Vida Hashemi, Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
In various pathological conditions, cellular immunity plays an important role in immune responses. Among immune cells, T lymphocytes pdomote cellular and humoral responses as well as innate immunity. Therefore, careful investigation of these cells has a significant impact on accurate knowledge in COVID-19 disease pathogenesis. In current research, the frequency and function of various T lymphocytes involved in immune responses examined in SARS-CoV-2 patients with various disease severity compared to normal subjects. In order to make an accurate comparison among patients with various disease severity, this study was performed on asymptomatic recovered cases (n = 20), ICU hospitalized patients (n = 30), non-ICU hospitalized patients (n = 30), and normal subjects (n = 20). To precisely evaluate T cells activity following purification, their cytokine secretion activity was examined. Similarly, immediately after purification of Treg cells, their inhibitory activity on T cells was investigated. The results showed that COVID-19 patients with severe disease (ICU hospitalized patients) not only had a remarkable increase in Th1 and Th17 but also a considerable decrease in Th2 and Treg cells. More importantly, as the IL-17 and IFN-γ secretion was sharply increased in severe disease, the secretion of IL-10 and IL-4 was decreased. Furthermore, the inhibitory activity of Treg cells was reduced in severe disease patients in comparison to other groups. In severe COVID-19 disease, current findings indicate when the inflammatory arm of cellular immunity is significantly increased, a considerable reduction in anti-inflammatory and regulatory arm occurred. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Najafabad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Aquatic Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Gorontalo, Indonesia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran; Department of Biosciences, Mody University of Science and Technology, Lakshmangarh, Rajasthan, India; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran; Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Reza Medical Research & Training Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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