Abdul Hafidz Olii, Miftahul Khair Kadim, Nuralim Pasisingi
The high market demand for Nike fish as a food source necessitates attention to the sustainability of natural resources and food safety. This study aimed to determine the concentrations of lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) in Nike fish, assess the water quality of their habitat, and evaluate potential health risks to consumers. Sampling was conducted in September 2022 and July 2023 at three stations along the downstream and estuary of the Bone watershed. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was utilized to measure the heavy metal concentrations in 250 fish samples. Water parameters were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) to explore their relationship with the heavy metals A Hazard Index analysis was employed to estimate potential health risks to humans consuming the fish. The results revealed that heavy metal concentrations in Nike fish were low: Pb ranged from 0.0019 to 0.0060 ppm and Hg ranged from 0.0013 to 0.0036 ppm. A significant difference (p<0.05) in Pb concentrations among the sampling sites was observed, whereas Hg concentrations showed no statistically significant difference (p≥0.05) between site 1 and sites 2 and 3. Water quality assessments indicated pollution levels ranging from clean to moderately polluted. Human health risk evaluations through total hazard quotient (8.9×10-4 for Pb, 2.7×10-2 for Hg) and Hazard Index analyses (2.8×10-2 for total metals) confirmed that the levels of heavy metals in Nike fish from the Bone Estuary pose no significant risk to human health. These findings confirm the safety of consuming Nike fish, supporting its continued use as a valuable food resource in the Bone watershed. © 2024, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University. All rights reserved.
Aquatic Resources Management Study Program, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries Technology, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Gorontalo, Indonesia
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