Annisa Utami Rauf, Ratna Dwi Puji Astuti, K. Sarinah Basri
Coastal zones are dynamic environments highly susceptible to natural hazards such as tropical cyclones, tsunamis, storm surges, coastal erosion, and sea-level rise. These hazards pose significant threats to both human populations and environmental health. Climate change exacerbates the frequency and severity of these events, leading to public health challenges, including water contamination, habitat loss, and the spread of vector-borne and waterborne diseases. Pollution from industrial, agricultural, and urban sources compounds these risks, causing further degradation of coastal ecosystems and human health. This chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of natural hazards in coastal zones, which includes the deployment of early warning systems, sustainable coastal development practices, and the restoration of natural barriers such as mangroves and coral reefs. These measures enhance coastal resilience and protect environmental health. The environmental health implications of coastal hazards are multifaceted. Contamination of potable water sources due to saltwater intrusion and runoff from polluted land can lead to gastrointestinal diseases and other health issues. The rise in vector-borne diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever, is particularly concerning in coastal areas where stagnant water from flooding and poor drainage creates breeding grounds for disease-carrying mosquitoes. Community-based adaptation strategies are essential for addressing these health risks. Engaging local stakeholders in decision-making processes ensures that mitigation efforts are context-specific and more effective. Policymakers, planners, and community leaders must collaborate to develop sustainable and resilient coastal management practices. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.
Department of Health Behavior, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Faculty of Sports and Health, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Gorontalo, Indonesia
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