Pudji Rahmawati, Abdul Rohim Tualeka, Gurendro Putro, Aceng Ruyani, Susmiati Susmiati, Aris Santjaka, Abdul Aziz Alimul Hidayat, Ellyza Setya Maryiantari, Khoiron, Dimas Rahadian Aji Muhammad, Lukman Handoko, Nur Mukarromah, Dina Keumala Sari, Sunardi Sunardi, Rizky Maharja, Jihan Faradisha, Bokiraiya Latuamury, Sajiyo Sajiyo, Sabrina Karim
Introduction: Toluene is a chemical solvent widely used in the printing industry that can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce oxidative stress, leading to lipid peroxidation. Aims: This study investigates the effect of toluene exposure on malondialdehyde (MDA) and cholesterol levels and evaluates the potential protective role of a dietary enzyme-enriched beverage. Methods: This research employed a pre-experimental design without a control group. The study population included all workers at Airlangga University Press and PT. Graha Cipta Pustaka in Surabaya, totaling 26 individuals. A sample of 15 workers was selected for analysis. Participants consumed a powdered beverage enriched with CYP2E1 and decarboxylase enzymes (10 g/day dissolved in 200 mL water, administered once daily for 14 days). Blood samples were collected before and after the intervention to measure MDA and cholesterol. Data were analyzed using a paired sample t-test. Dropout handling was performed by oversampling beyond the minimum required sample size. Results: Before intervention, 66.7% of participants had elevated cholesterol levels (≥200 mg/dL). After the intervention, this proportion decreased to 13.3%. Mean cholesterol levels declined significantly (65.13 mg/dL reduction, p<0.001). MDA levels also showed improvement, particularly among smokers. Conclusion: Consumption of a CYP2E1 and decarboxylase-enriched beverage significantly reduced cholesterol and MDA levels in toluene-exposed workers. The absence of a control group is acknowledged as a limitation, and future studies should adopt randomized controlled designs. Novelty: This study is among the first to explore enzyme-based dietary intervention for mitigating oxidative stress biomarkers in toluene-exposed workers. It highlights a practical approach for occupational health management in industries with solvent exposure. © FFC 2024.
Department of Development of the Islamic Society, State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Public Health Faculty, Airlangga University, East Java, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia; Center Research for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Bengkulu University, Jl. WR. Supratman, Kandang Limun, Kec, Muara Bangka Hulu, Bengkulu, 38371, Indonesia; Kadiri University, East Java, Kediri, Indonesia; Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang, Indonesia; Nursing Faculty, University of Muhammadiyah Lamongan, Lamongan, East Java, Indonesia; Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Kerta Cendekia Health Polytechnic, Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia; Department of Environmental Health, Public Health Faculty, University of Jember, Indonesia; Department of Food Science and Technology, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Surakarta, 57126, Indonesia; Shipbuilding Institute of Polytechnic Surabaya, East Java, Surabaya, Indonesia; Faculty of Health Science, Universitas of Muhammadiyah Surabaya, East Java, Surabaya, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia; Departemen Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Indonesia; Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sulawesi Barat, Indonesia; Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Vocational School, Sebelas Maret University Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia; Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Pattimura, Jl. Ir.M. Putuhena, Kampus UNPATTI Poka-Ambon, 97233, Indonesia; Industrial Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas 17 Agustus 1945, Surabaya, Indonesia; Institute of Medical Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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